Your Go-To FAQ for Synthetic Grass in Las Vegas

Your Go-To FAQ for Synthetic Grass in Las Vegas

Minimized Maintenance with Artificial Turf


Artificial turf has been obtaining appeal among home owners in Las Las vega for its numerous benefits. Uncovering the Best Synthetic Grass Suppliers in Las Vegas . Among the most considerable benefits is the minimized maintenance requirement, that makes synthetic grass a more convenient and cost-effective option contrasted to natural lawn.

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Preserving an all-natural grass yard is commonly a taxing and labor-intensive procedure. In the scorching warmth of Las Vegas, it becomes a lot more complicated. The lawn needs normal watering, mowing, feeding, and weeding to remain healthy and aesthetically pleasing. If neglected, the turf begins to turn yellow or brown and may also pass away, which would certainly call for reseeding or even complete substitute of the lawn.


On the other hand, synthetic grass virtually eliminates these problems. It stays perfectly eco-friendly and lavish all the time, regardless of the weather conditions. There is no requirement for routine watering, which not only conserves time and effort but also contributes to water preservation - a substantial worry in areas like Las Vegas. The only water need would certainly be occasional washing to maintain it tidy and dust-free.


Additionally, with synthetic grass, there is no need for cutting or fertilizing. It remains at the best elevation for life, and theres no danger of it overgrowing or harboring weeds. This not just lowers the moment invested in yard upkeep but also eliminates the price of buying and keeping a lawnmower or buying fertilizers.

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Synthetic grass is also much more long lasting and hard-wearing than natural grass. It can withstand heavy foot website traffic and strenuous play tasks without obtaining worn or harmed. This indicates you wont need to stress over replacing or repairing certain sections of your lawn, which is one more usual upkeep task with natural lawn.


The minimized upkeep demand with artificial turf supplies homeowners in Las Las vega with more time to appreciate their outdoor spaces, rather than spending quality time preserving them. It likewise indicates substantial cost financial savings in the future. In a city like Las Las vega, where the environment is rough, synthetic grass confirms to be a smart and helpful choice for property owners, supplying an evergreen, low-maintenance grass that looks similar to all-natural yard.

Ecological Advantages of Changing to Synthetic Grass


As Las Vegas remains to experience the effects of a transforming climate and boosting water deficiency, it is coming to be important for citizens and businesses to discover cutting-edge methods to conserve water.

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One such means is through the adoption of synthetic grass or artificial turf.

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This choice not only uses aesthetic charm and low maintenance however additionally carries considerable environmental advantages.


One of one of the most noticeable ecological benefits of switching over to synthetic grass is water conservation. Standard lawn yards call for a substantial amount of water to remain eco-friendly and healthy, specifically in the desert climate of Las Vegas. According to the Southern Nevada Water Authority, each square foot of all-natural grass changed by artificial turf saves 55 gallons of water annually. For that reason, by switching to artificial turf, Las Las vega residents can considerably lower their water usage, which is crucial in a city where water is a priceless source.


Synthetic grass likewise gets rid of the need for damaging chemicals and plant foods. Many all-natural lawns call for pesticides, plant foods, and herbicides to keep their appearance and health and wellness. These materials usually leak into the ground, contaminating the groundwater and influencing the regional flora and animals adversely. With artificial turf, these chemicals are unneeded, making it a safer option for the atmosphere.


An additional substantial environmental advantage of synthetic grass is its toughness and longevity. Unlike all-natural turf, synthetic grass does not need reseeding or substitute as a result of weather adjustments. This longevity lowers the sources utilized for the continuous maintenance and substitute of all-natural yard.


In regards to air high quality, man-made lawn offers clear benefits also. Standard grass require routine mowing, which releases toxins right into the atmosphere. The U.S Epa keeps in mind that gas-powered lawn mowers add significantly to air pollution. With synthetic grass, no mowing is necessary, removing these discharges entirely.


Lastly, artificial turf helps deal with soil erosion. In areas where the dirt is vulnerable to erosion, specifically in desert climates like Las Vegas, artificial turf can supply much-needed security. The backing material on artificial turf aids keep soil in place, protecting against erosion and advertising far better environmental health and wellness.


Finally, the switch to artificial turf in Las Vegas supplies numerous ecological advantages. From water preservation to air high quality renovation, artificial turf confirms to be a practical, eco-friendly option, especially in locations grappling with water deficiency and climate change. As Las Vegas locals remain to look for ways to minimize their environmental impact, the adoption of artificial turf will likely come to be an increasingly prominent option.

Versatility and Visual Appeal of Synthetic Grass in Las Vegas


Synthetic grass, generally called synthetic grass, has acquired tremendous popularity in the arid, desert city of Las Las vega. In a city where natural lawn is challenging to grow and maintain due to water scarcity and severe warmth, artificial turf provides an appealing and functional option. The adaptability and visual appeal of artificial turf are amongst the leading 10 advantages of using this manufactured surface area in Las Vegas.


Allows start by reviewing the versatility of synthetic grass. Among the key benefits of synthetic grass is that it can be mounted anywhere, regardless of the environment or surface. This is particularly valuable in Las Las vega, where the environment is not conducive to the growth of natural grass. Synthetic grass can be mounted on roofs, outdoor patios, around swimming pool locations, canine runs, sports fields, and play areas, to name a few. It is also a favorite choice for golf links and bowling greens because of its also, smooth surface area. This adaptability indicates you can have a lavish, environment-friendly yard throughout the year, irrespective of the weather or water limitations.


An additional considerable benefit of synthetic grass is its aesthetic charm. Unlike all-natural grass, artificial turf remains dynamic and green throughout the year, enhancing the look of your home or business. It offers a tidy, neatly polished appearance that is hard to accomplish with all-natural yard, specifically in a desert climate. The synthetic grass available today is designed to feel and look like real grass, making it virtually identical from the genuine point. Moreover, it does not fade under sunlight or transform brownish throughout dry spells, ensuring your yard looks eye-catching and welcoming whatsoever times.


Furthermore, synthetic grass can be personalized to suit your details needs. It is readily available in numerous colors, lengths, and appearances, allowing you to produce a distinct and individualized outdoor area. Whether you want a soft, deluxe yard for your kids to use or a resilient, hard-wearing surface area for high-traffic areas, there is a synthetic grass item to satisfy your demands.


In conclusion, the convenience and aesthetic allure of artificial turf make it an outstanding choice for homes and businesses in Las Vegas. Not only does it use a useful, low-maintenance option to all-natural lawn, yet it also enhances the appearance of your residential or commercial property, making it a lot more enticing and inviting. So, if youre taking into consideration upgrading your outside room, synthetic grass can be the ideal service.

Long life and Resilience: Exactly How Synthetic Grass Outlasts All-natural Turf


When it involves the longevity and sturdiness of lawn, synthetic grass plainly beats its natural counterpart. This is especially evident in a city like Las Vegas, where the severe desert climate can damage natural yards. In comparison, artificial turf stays vibrant and lavish throughout the year, irrespective of climate condition.

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This essay looks for to highlight how artificial turf outlasts natural turf, therefore making it among the top benefits of making use of synthetic grass in Las Vegas.


Natural turf needs a great deal of upkeep to maintain it looking fresh and environment-friendly. It requires regular watering, mowing, fertilizing, and re-seeding. Despite having all this treatment, it can still come down with diseases, bugs, and the scorching Las Las vega heat. The durability of natural yard is commonly compromised by these aspects, causing a damaged and irregular grass that is neither attractive neither functional.


On the various other hand, synthetic grass, also referred to as artificial turf, offers superior sturdiness and durability. It is made from top quality, resilient materials that can endure heavy foot web traffic, extreme warm, and other harsh problems. This indicates that it stays intact and vibrant for several years, needing little to no upkeep. As a matter of fact, many artificial turf is designed to last for over a decade, which is significantly longer than what can be gotten out of all-natural turf.

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Another key element that contributes to the durability of artificial turf is its resistance to parasites and diseases. Unlike all-natural lawn, artificial grass does not supply a habitat for pests, neither does it experience common grass illness. This eliminates the requirement for chemicals and fungicides, minimizing both maintenance prices and environmental impact.


In addition, artificial turf does not need sprinkling to remain environment-friendly. This is a significant benefit in a desert city like Las Las vega, where water is a precious resource. By choosing artificial turf, house owners can save money on their water costs and add to water preservation efforts.


Last but not least, artificial turf can hold up against the wear and tear of sporting activities and various other leisure tasks better than natural turf. It provides a consistent playing surface area that does not get sloppy or develop divots, making it optimal for sporting activities areas and play areas.


Finally, the long life and sturdiness of artificial turf much exceed that of natural lawn, making it a functional and cost-efficient choice for Las Vegas homeowners. Its resistant to severe climate, bugs, and conditions, and it does not require watering or routine upkeep. Whether for a yard, a sports area, or a public park, artificial turf guarantees an environment-friendly and lush surface

 

Artificial turf with rubber crumb infill
Side view of artificial turf
Diagram of the structure of modern artificial turf
Artificial turf square mats

Artificial turf is a surface of synthetic fibers made to look like natural grass, used in sports arenas, residential lawns and commercial applications that traditionally use grass. It is much more durable than grass and easily maintained without irrigation or trimming, although periodic cleaning is required. Stadiums that are substantially covered and/or at high latitudes often use artificial turf, as they typically lack enough sunlight for photosynthesis and substitutes for solar radiation are prohibitively expensive and energy-intensive. Disadvantages include increased risk of injury especially when used in athletic competition, as well as health and environmental concerns about the petroleum and toxic chemicals used in its manufacture.

Artificial turf first gained substantial attention in 1966, when ChemGrass was installed in the year-old Astrodome, developed by Monsanto and rebranded as AstroTurf, now a generic trademark (registered to a new owner) for any artificial turf.

The first-generation system of shortpile fibers without infill of the 1960s has largely been replaced by two more. The second features longer fibers and sand infill and the third adds recycled crumb rubber to the sand. Compared to earlier systems, modern artificial turf more closely resembles grass in appearance and is also considered safer for athletic competition. However, it is still not widely considered to be equal to grass. Sports clubs, leagues, unions and individual athletes have frequently spoken out and campaigned against it, while local governments have enacted and enforced laws restricting and/or banning its use.

History

[edit]

David Chaney, who moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1960 and later served as Dean of the North Carolina State University College of Textiles, headed the team of Research Triangle Park researchers who created the first notable artificial turf. That accomplishment led Sports Illustrated to declare Chaney as the man "responsible for indoor major league baseball and millions of welcome mats."

Artificial turf was first installed in 1964 on a recreation area at the Moses Brown School in Providence, Rhode Island.[1] The material came to public prominence in 1966, when AstroTurf was installed in the Astrodome in Houston, Texas.[1] The state-of-the-art indoor stadium had attempted to use natural grass during its initial season in 1965, but this failed miserably and the field conditions were grossly inadequate during the second half of the season, with the dead grass painted green. Due to a limited supply of the new artificial grass, only the infield was installed before the Houston Astros' home opener in April 1966; the outfield was installed in early summer during an extended Astros road trip and first used after the All-Star Break in July.

The use of AstroTurf and similar surfaces became widespread in the U.S. and Canada in the early 1970s, installed in both indoor and outdoor stadiums used for baseball and football. More than 11,000 artificial turf playing fields have been installed nationally.[2] More than 1,200 were installed in the U.S. in 2013 alone, according to the industry group the Synthetic Turf Council.[2]

Sports applications

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Baseball

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Tropicana Field with its artificial turf field.
An artificial-turf field at a high school in Oregon.

Artificial turf was first used in Major League Baseball in the Houston Astrodome in 1966, replacing the grass field used when the stadium opened a year earlier. Even though the grass was specifically bred for indoor use, the dome's semi-transparent Lucite ceiling panels, which had been painted white to cut down on glare that bothered the players, did not pass enough sunlight to support the grass. For most of the 1965 season, the Astros played on green-painted dirt and dead grass.

The solution was to install a new type of artificial grass on the field, ChemGrass, which became known as AstroTurf. Given its early use, the term astroturf has since been genericized as a term for any artificial turf.[3] Because the supply of AstroTurf was still low, only a limited amount was available for the first home game. There was not enough for the entire outfield, but there was enough to cover the traditional grass portion of the infield. The outfield remained painted dirt until after the All-Star Break. The team was sent on an extended road trip before the break, and on July 19, 1966, the installation of the outfield portion of AstroTurf was completed.

The Chicago White Sox became the first team to install artificial turf in an outdoor stadium, as they used it only in the infield and adjacent foul territory at Comiskey Park from 1969 through 1975.[4] Artificial turf was later installed in other new multi-purpose stadiums such as Pittsburgh's Three Rivers Stadium, Philadelphia's Veterans Stadium, and Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium. Early AstroTurf baseball fields used the traditional all-dirt path, but starting in 1970 with Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium,[5] teams began using the "base cutout" layout on the diamond, with the only dirt being on the pitcher's mound, batter's circle, and in a five-sided diamond-shaped "sliding box" around each base. With this layout, a painted arc would indicate where the edge of the outfield grass would normally be, to assist fielders in positioning themselves properly. The last stadium in MLB to use this configuration was Rogers Centre in Toronto, when they switched to an all-dirt infield (but keeping the artificial turf) for the 2016 season.[6][7]

Artificial turf being installed on a baseball field in Queens, New York City.

The biggest difference in play on artificial turf was that the ball bounced higher than on real grass and also traveled faster, causing infielders to play farther back than they would normally so that they would have sufficient time to react. The ball also had a truer bounce than on grass so that on long throws fielders could deliberately bounce the ball in front of the player they were throwing to, with the certainty that it would travel in a straight line and not be deflected to the right or left. The biggest impact on the game of "turf", as it came to be called, was on the bodies of the players. The artificial surface, which was generally placed over a concrete base, had much less give to it than a traditional dirt and grass field did, which caused more wear-and-tear on knees, ankles, feet, and the lower back, possibly even shortening the careers of those players who played a significant portion of their games on artificial surfaces. Players also complained that the turf was much hotter than grass, sometimes causing the metal spikes to burn their feet or plastic ones to melt. These factors eventually provoked a number of stadiums, such as the Kansas City Royals' Kauffman Stadium, to switch from artificial turf back to natural grass.

In 2000, St. Petersburg's Tropicana Field became the first MLB field to use a third-generation artificial surface, FieldTurf. All other remaining artificial turf stadiums were either converted to third-generation surfaces or were replaced entirely by new natural grass stadiums. In a span of 13 years, between 1992 and 2005, the National League went from having half of its teams using artificial turf to all of them playing on natural grass. With the replacement of Minneapolis's Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome by Target Field in 2010, only two MLB stadiums used artificial turf from 2010 through 2018: Tropicana Field and Toronto's Rogers Centre. This number grew to three when the Arizona Diamondbacks switched Chase Field to artificial turf for the 2019 season; the stadium had grass from its opening in 1998 until 2018, but the difficulty of maintaining the grass in the stadium, which has a retractable roof and is located in a desert city, was cited as the reason for the switch.[8] In 2020, Miami's Marlins Park (now loanDepot Park) also switched to artificial turf for similar reasons, while the Texas Rangers' new Globe Life Field was opened with an artificial surface, as it is also a retractable roof ballpark in a hot weather city; this puts the number of teams using synthetic turf in MLB at five as of 2023.

American football

[edit]

The first professional American football team to play on artificial turf was the Houston Oilers, then part of the American Football League, who moved into the Astrodome in 1968, which had installed AstroTurf two years prior. In 1969, the University of Pennsylvania's Franklin Field in Philadelphia, at the time also home field of the Philadelphia Eagles, switched from grass to AstroTurf, making it the first National Football League stadium to use artificial turf.

In 2002, CenturyLink Field, originally planned to have a natural grass field, was instead surfaced with FieldTurf upon positive reaction from the Seattle Seahawks when they played on the surface at their temporary home of Husky Stadium during the 2000 and 2001 seasons. This would be the first of a leaguewide trend taking place over the next several seasons that would not only result in teams already using artificial surfaces for their fields switching to the new FieldTurf or other similar surfaces but would also see several teams playing on grass adopt a new surface. (The Indianapolis Colts' RCA Dome and the St. Louis Rams' Edward Jones Dome were the last two stadiums in the NFL to replace their first-generation AstroTurf surfaces for next-generation ones after the 2004 season). For example, after a three-year experiment with a natural surface, Giants Stadium went to FieldTurf for 2003, while M&T Bank Stadium added its own artificial surface the same year (it has since been removed and replaced with a natural surface, which the stadium had before installing the turf). Later examples include Paul Brown Stadium (now Paycor Stadium), which went from grass to turf in 2004; Gillette Stadium, which made the switch in 2006;[9] and NRG Stadium, which did so in 2015. As of 2021, 14 NFL fields out of 30 are artificial. NFL players overwhelmingly prefer natural grass over synthetic surfaces, according to a league survey conducted in 2010. When asked, "Which surface do you think is more likely to shorten your career?", 90% responded artificial turf.[10] When players were asked "Is the Turf versus Grass debate overblown or a real concern"[11] in an anonymous player survey, 83% believe it is a real concern while 12.3% believe it is overblown.

Following receiver Odell Beckham Jr.'s injury during Super Bowl LVI, other NFL players started calling for turf to be banned since the site of the game, SoFi Stadium, was a turf field.[12]

Arena football is played indoors on the older short-pile artificial turf.

Canadian football

[edit]

The first professional Canadian football stadium to use artificial turf was Empire Stadium in Vancouver, British Columbia, then home of the Canadian Football League's BC Lions, which installed 3M TartanTurf in 1970. Today, eight of the nine stadiums in the CFL currently use artificial turf, largely because of the harsh weather conditions in the latter-half of the season. The only one that does not is BMO Field in Toronto, which initially had an artificial pitch and has been shared by the CFL's Toronto Argonauts since 2016 (part of the endzones at that stadium are covered with artificial turf).[13] The first stadium to use the next-generation surface was Ottawa's Frank Clair Stadium (now TD Place Stadium), which the Ottawa Renegades used when they began play in 2002. The Saskatchewan Roughriders' Taylor Field was the only major professional sports venue in North America to use a second-generation artificial playing surface, Omniturf, which was used from 1988 to 2000, followed by AstroTurf from 2000 to 2007 and FieldTurf from 2007 to its 2016 closure.[14]

Cricket

[edit]

Some cricket pitches are made of synthetic grass[15] or of a hybrid of mostly natural and some artificial grass, with these "hybrid pitches" having been implemented across several parts of the United Kingdom[16] and Australia.[17] The first synthetic turf cricket field in the USA was opened in Fremont, California in 2016.[18]

Field hockey

[edit]
Further information: Field hockey history § The synthetic revolution

The introduction of synthetic surfaces has significantly changed the sport of field hockey. Since being introduced in the 1970s, competitions in western countries are now mostly played on artificial surfaces. This has increased the speed of the game considerably and changed the shape of hockey sticks to allow for different techniques, such as reverse stick trapping and hitting.

Field hockey artificial turf differs from artificial turf for other sports, in that it does not try to reproduce a grass feel, being made of shorter fibers. This allows the improvement in speed brought by earlier artificial turfs to be retained. This development is problematic for areas which cannot afford to build an extra artificial field for hockey alone. The International Hockey Federation and manufacturers are driving research in order to produce new fields that will be suitable for a variety of sports.

The use of artificial turf in conjunction with changes in the game's rules (e.g., the removal of offside, introduction of rolling substitutes and the self-pass, and to the interpretation of obstruction) have contributed significantly to change the nature of the game, greatly increasing the speed and intensity of play as well as placing far greater demands on the conditioning of the players.

Association football

[edit]
Aspmyra, Norway: home of the football club FK Bodø/Glimt
A slide tackle driving up crumbed rubber in the playing surface

The use of artificial turf, and whether they are not allowed or not, varies between different tournaments and time periods. Though grass is preferred in general in association football, artificial turf is found in areas where it is seen as impractical to maintain natural grass season-long, with causes including very cold climates (For instance Norway's Eliteserien) or multi-purpose stadiums (Seattle's Lumen Field).

Use permitted

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Use prohibited

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History in United Kingdom

[edit]

Some association football clubs in Europe installed synthetic surfaces in the 1980s, which were called "plastic pitches" (often derisively) in countries such as England. There, four professional club venues had adopted them; Queens Park Rangers's Loftus Road (1981–1988), Luton Town's Kenilworth Road (1985–1991), Oldham Athletic's Boundary Park (1986–1991) and Preston North End's Deepdale (1986–1994). QPR had been the first team to install an artificial pitch at their stadium in 1981, but were the first to remove it when they did so in 1988.

Artificial pitches were banned from top-flight (then First Division) football in 1991, forcing Oldham Athletic to remove their artificial pitch after their promotion to the First Division in 1991, while then top-flight Luton Town also removed their artificial pitch at the same time. The last Football League team to have an artificial pitch in England was Preston North End, who removed their pitch in 1994 after eight years in use. Artificial pitches were banned from the top four divisions from 1995.

Artificial turf gained a bad reputation[neutrality is disputed] globally, with fans and especially with players. The first-generation artificial turf surfaces were carpet-like in their look and feel, and thus, a far harder surface than grass and soon became known[by whom?] as an unforgiving playing surface that was prone to cause more injuries, and in particular, more serious joint injuries, than would comparatively be suffered on a grass surface. This turf was also regarded as aesthetically unappealing to many fans[weasel words].

In 1981, London football club Queens Park Rangers dug up its grass pitch and installed an artificial one. Others followed, and by the mid-1980s there were four artificial surfaces in operation in the English league. They soon became a national joke: the ball pinged round like it was made of rubber, the players kept losing their footing, and anyone who fell over risked carpet burns. Unsurprisingly, fans complained that the football was awful to watch and, one by one, the clubs returned to natural grass.[21]

In November 2011, it was reported that a number of English football clubs were interested in using artificial pitches again on economic grounds.[22] As of January 2020, artificial pitches are not permitted in the Premier League or Football League but are permitted in the National League and lower divisions. Bromley are an example of an English football club who currently use a third-generation artificial pitch.[23] In 2018, Sutton United were close to achieving promotion to the Football League and the debate in England about artificial pitches resurfaced again. It was reported that, if Sutton won promotion, they would subsequently be demoted two leagues if they refused to replace their pitch with natural grass.[24] After Harrogate Town's promotion to the Football League in 2020, the club was obliged to install a natural grass pitch at Wetherby Road;[25] and after winning promotion in 2021 Sutton Utd were also obliged to tear up their artificial pitch and replace it with grass, at a cost of more than £500,000.[26] Artificial pitches are permitted in all rounds of the FA Cup competition.

History elsewhere

[edit]

In the 1990s, many North American soccer clubs also removed their artificial surfaces and re-installed grass, while others moved to new stadiums with state-of-the-art grass surfaces that were designed to withstand cold temperatures where the climate demanded it. The use of artificial turf was later banned by FIFA, UEFA and by many domestic football associations, but FIFA and UEFA allowed it again from the mid-2000's (UEFA from the 2005–06 season onwards), provided that the turfs are FIFA Recommended. UEFA has now been heavily involved in programs to test artificial turf, with tests made in several grounds meeting with FIFA approval. A team of UEFA, FIFA and German company Polytan conducted tests in the Stadion Salzburg Wals-Siezenheim in Salzburg, Austria which had matches played on it in UEFA Euro 2008. It is the second FIFA 2 Star approved artificial turf in a European domestic top flight, after Dutch club Heracles Almelo received the FIFA certificate in August 2005.[27] The tests were approved.[28]

FIFA originally launched its FIFA Quality Concept in February 2001.

A full international fixture for the 2008 European Championships was played on October 17, 2007, between England and Russia on an artificial surface, which was installed to counteract adverse weather conditions, at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow.[29][30] It was one of the first full international games to be played on such a surface approved by FIFA and UEFA. The latter ordered the 2008 European Champions League final hosted in the same stadium in May 2008 to place on grass, so a temporary natural grass field was installed just for the final.

In 2007, UEFA stressed that artificial turf should only be considered an option where climatic conditions necessitate.[31] One Desso "hybrid grass" product incorporates both natural grass and artificial elements.[32]

In June 2009, following a match played at Estadio Ricardo Saprissa in Costa Rica, American national team manager Bob Bradley called on FIFA to "have some courage" and ban artificial surfaces.[33]

FIFA designated a star system for artificial turf fields that have undergone a series of tests that examine quality and performance based on a two star system.[34] Recommended two-star fields may be used for FIFA Final Round Competitions as well as for UEFA Europa League and Champions League matches.[35] There are currently 130 FIFA Recommended 2-Star installations in the world.[36]

In 2009, FIFA launched the Preferred Producer Initiative to improve the quality of artificial football turf at each stage of the life cycle (manufacturing, installation and maintenance).[37] Currently, there are five manufacturers that were selected by FIFA: Act Global, Limonta, Desso, GreenFields, and Edel Grass. These firms have made quality guarantees directly to FIFA and have agreed to increased research and development.

In 2010, Estadio Omnilife with an artificial turf opened in Guadalajara to be the new home of Chivas, one of the most popular teams in Mexico. The owner of Chivas, Jorge Vergara, defended the reasoning behind using artificial turf because the stadium was designed to be "environment friendly and as such, having grass would result [in] using too much water."[38] Some players criticized the field, saying its harder surface caused many injuries. When Johan Cruyff became the adviser of the team, he recommended the switch to natural grass, which the team did in 2012.[39]

The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup took place entirely on artificial surfaces, as the event was played in Canada, where almost all of the country's stadiums use artificial turf due to climate issues. This plan garnered criticism from players and fans, some believing the artificial surfaces make players more susceptible to injuries. Over fifty of the female athletes protested against the use of artificial turf on the basis of gender discrimination.[40][41] Australia winger Caitlin Foord said that after playing 90 minutes there was no difference to her post-match recovery – a view shared by the rest of the squad. The squad spent much time preparing on the surface and had no problems with its use in Winnipeg. "We've been training on [artificial] turf pretty much all year so I think we're kind of used to it in that way ... I think grass or turf you can still pull up sore after a game so it's definitely about getting the recovery in and getting it right", Foord said.[42] A lawsuit was filed on October 1, 2014, in an Ontario tribunal court by a group of women's international soccer players against FIFA and the Canadian Soccer Association and specifically points out that in 1994 FIFA spent $2 million to plant natural grass over artificial turf in New Jersey and Detroit.[43] Various celebrities showed their support for the women soccer players in defense of their lawsuit, including actor Tom Hanks, NBA player Kobe Bryant and U.S. men's soccer team keeper Tim Howard. Even with the possibility of boycotts, FIFA's head of women's competitions, Tatjana Haenni, made it clear that "we play on artificial turf and there's no Plan B."[44][45]

The first stadium to use artificial turf in Brazil was Atlético Paranaense's Arena da Baixada in 2016. In 2020, the administration of Allianz Parque, home of Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, started the implementation of the second artificial pitch in the country.[46]

In 2024, the Eredivisie banned artificial turfs, meaning hybrid grass and natural grass became mandatory, starting from the 2025-26 season.[47]

In UEFA tournaments, teams who are used to playing on artificial turf are seen as having a large home advantage against teams who don't, as was the case for Bodø/Glimt's semi-final campaign in the 2024–25 UEFA Europa League.[48]

Rugby union

[edit]

Rugby union also uses artificial surfaces at a professional level. Infill fields are used by English Premiership Rugby teams Gloucester, Newcastle Falcons, Saracens F.C. and the now defunct Worcester Warriors, as well as United Rugby Championship teams Cardiff, Edinburgh and Glasgow Warriors. Some fields, including Twickenham Stadium, have incorporated a hybrid field, with grass and synthetic fibers used on the surface. This allows for the field to be much more hard wearing, making it less susceptible to weather conditions and frequent use.

Tennis

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Main article: Tennis court

Carpet has been used as a surface for indoor tennis courts for decades, though the first carpets used were more similar to home carpets than a synthetic grass. After the introduction of AstroTurf, it came to be used for tennis courts, both indoor and outdoor, though only a small minority of courts use the surface.[49][50] Both infill and non-infill versions are used, and are typically considered medium-fast to fast surfaces under the International Tennis Federation's classification scheme.[49] A distinct form found in tennis is an "artificial clay" surface,[49] which seeks to simulate a clay court by using a very short pile carpet with an infill of the same loose aggregate used for clay courts that rises above the carpet fibers.[49]

Tennis courts such as Wimbledon are considering using an artificial hybrid grass to replace their natural lawn courts. Such systems incorporate synthetic fibers into natural grass to create a more durable surface on which to play.[51] Such hybrid surfaces are currently used for some association football stadiums, including Wembley Stadium.

Golf

[edit]

Synthetic turf can also be used in the golf industry, such as on driving ranges, putting greens and even in some circumstances tee boxes. For low budget courses, particularly those catering to casual golfers, synthetic putting greens offer the advantage of being a relatively cheap alternative to installing and maintaining grass greens, but are much more similar to real grass in appearance and feel compared to sand greens which are the traditional alternative surface. Because of the vast areas of golf courses and the damage from clubs during shots, it is not feasible to surface fairways with artificial turf.

Motor racing

[edit]

Artificial grass is used to line the perimeter of some sections of some motor circuits, and offers less grip than some other surfaces.[52] It can pose an obstacle to drivers if it gets caught on their car.[53]

Other applications

[edit]

Landscaping

[edit]
A home's yard with artificial grass.

Since the early 1990s, the use of synthetic grass in the more arid western states of the United States has moved beyond athletic fields to residential and commercial landscaping.[54] New water saving programs, as of 2019, which grant rebates for turf removal, do not accept artificial turf as replacement and require a minimum of plants.[55][56]

The use of artificial grass for convenience sometimes faces opposition: Legislation frequently seeks to preserve natural gardens and fully water permeable surfaces, therefore restricting the use of hardscape and plantless areas, including artificial turf. In several locations in different countries, homeowners have been fined, ordered to remove artificial turf and/or had to defend themselves in courts. Many of these restrictions can be found in local bylaws and ordinances. These not always applied in a consistent manner,[57][58][59] especially in municipalities that utilize a complaint-based model for enforcing local laws.

Sunlight reflections from nearby windows can cause artificial turf to melt. This can be avoided by adding perforated vinyl privacy window film adhesive to the outside of the window causing the reflection.

Airports

[edit]

Artificial turf has been used at airports.[60] Here it provides several advantages over natural turf – it does not support wildlife, it has high visual contrast with runways in all seasons, it reduces foreign object damage (FOD) since the surface has no rocks or clumps, and it drains well.[61]

Some artificial turf systems allow for the integration of fiber-optic fibers into the turf. This would allow for runway lighting to be embedded in artificial landing surfaces for aircraft (or lighting or advertisements to be directly embedded in a playing surface).[62]

Tanks for octopuses

[edit]

Artificial turf is commonly used for tanks containing octopusses, in particular the Giant Pacific octopus since it is a reliable way to prevent the octopusses from escaping their tank, as they prevent the suction cups on the tentacles from getting a tight seal.[63]

Environmental and safety concerns

[edit]

Environmental footprint

[edit]

The first major academic review of the environmental and health risks and benefits of artificial turf was published in 2014;[64] it was followed by extensive research on possible risks to human health, but holistic analyses of the environmental footprint of artificial turf compared with natural turf only began to emerge in the 2020s,[65][66] and frameworks to support informed policymaking were still lacking.[67][68] Evaluating the relative environmental footprints of natural and artificial turf is complex, with outcomes depending on a wide range of factors, including (to give the example of a sports field):[64]

  • what ecosystem services are lost by converting a site to a sports pitch
  • how resource-intensive is the landscaping work and transport of materials to create a pitch
  • whether input materials are recycled and whether these are recycled again at the end of the pitch's life
  • how resource-intensive and damaging maintenance is (whether through water, fertiliser, weed-killer, reapplication of rubber crumb, snow-clearing, etc.)
  • how intensively the facility is used, for how long, and whether surface type can reduce the overall number of pitches required

Artificial turf has been shown to contribute to global warming by absorbing significantly more radiation than living turf and, to a lesser extent, by displacing living plants that could sequester carbon dioxide through photosynthesis;[69] a study at New Mexico State University found that in that environment, water-cooling of artificial turf can demand as much water as natural turf.[70] However, a 2022 study that used real-world data to model a ten-year-life-cycle environmental footprint for a new natural-turf soccer field compared with an artificial-turf field found that the natural-turf field contributed twice as much to global warming as the artificial one (largely due to a more resource-intensive construction phase), while finding that the artificial turf would likely cause more pollution of other kinds. It promoted improvements to usual practice such as the substitution of cork for rubber in artificial pitches and more drought-resistant grasses and electric mowing in natural ones.[65] In 2021, a Zurich University of Applied Sciences study for the city of Zurich, using local data on extant pitches, found that, per hour of use, natural turf had the lowest environmental footprint, followed by artificial turf with no infill, and then artificial turf using an infill (e.g. granulated rubber). However, because it could tolerate more hours of use, unfilled artificial turf often had the lowest environmental footprint in practice, by reducing the total number of pitches required. The study recommended optimising the use of existing pitches before building new ones, and choosing the best surface for the likely intensity of use.[66] Another suggestion is the introduction of green roofs to offset the conversion of grassland to artificial turf.[71]

Maintenance

[edit]

Contrary to popular belief, artificial turf is not maintenance free. It requires regular maintenance, such as raking and patching, to keep it functional and safe.[72]

Pollution and associated health risks

[edit]
Further information: Artificial turf–cancer hypothesis

Some artificial turf uses infill such as silicon sand, but most uses granulated rubber, referred to as "crumb rubber". Granulated rubber can be made from recycled car tires and may carry heavy metals, PFAS chemicals, and other chemicals of environmental concern. The synthetic fibers of artificial turf are also subject to degradation. Thus chemicals from artificial turfs leach into the environment, and artificial turf is a source of microplastics pollution and rubber pollution in air, fresh-water, sea and soil environments.[73][74][75][76][77][78][64][excessive citations] In Norway, Sweden, and at least some other places, the rubber granulate from artificial turf infill constitutes the second largest source of microplastics in the environment after the tire and road wear particles that make up a large portion of the fine road debris.[79][80][81] As early as 2007, Environment and Human Health, Inc., a lobby-group, proposed a moratorium on the use of ground-up rubber tires in fields and playgrounds based on health concerns;[82] in September 2022, the European Commission made a draft proposal to restrict the use of microplastic granules as infill in sports fields.[83]

What is less clear is how likely this pollution is in practice to harm humans or other organisms and whether these environmental costs outweigh the benefits of artificial turf, with many scientific papers and government agencies (such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency) calling for more research.[2] A 2018 study published in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution analyzed the chemicals found in samples of tire crumbs, some used to install school athletic fields, and identified 92 chemicals only about half of which had ever been studied for their health effects and some of which are known to be carcinogenic or irritants. It stated "caution would argue against use of these materials where human exposure is likely, and this is especially true for playgrounds and athletic playing fields where young people may be affected".[84] Conversely, a 2017 study in Sports Medicine argued that "regular physical activity during adolescence and early adulthood helps prevent cancer later in life. Restricting the use or availability of all-weather year-round synthetic fields and thereby potentially reducing exercise could, in the long run, actually increase cancer incidence, as well as cardiovascular disease and other chronic illnesses."[85]

The possibility that carcinogenic substances in artificial turf could increase risks of human cancer (the artificial turf–cancer hypothesis) gained a particularly high profile in the first decades of the twenty-first century and attracted extensive study, with scientific reports around 2020 finding cancer-risks in modern artificial turf negligible.[86][87][88][89] But concerns have extended to other human-health risks, such as endocrine disruption that might affect early puberty, obesity, and children's attention spans.[90][91][92][93] Potential harm to fish[75] and earthworm[94] populations has also been shown.

A study for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection analyzed lead and other metals in dust kicked into the air by physical activity on five artificial turf fields. The results suggest that even low levels of activity on the field can cause particulate matter containing these chemicals to get into the air where it can be inhaled and be harmful. The authors state that since no level of lead exposure is considered safe for children, "only a comprehensive mandated testing of fields can provide assurance that no health hazard on these fields exists from lead or other metals used in their construction and maintenance."[95]

Kinesiological health risks

[edit]

A number of health and safety concerns have been raised about artificial turf.[2] Friction between skin and older generations of artificial turf can cause abrasions and/or burns to a much greater extent than natural grass.[96] Artificial turf tends to retain heat from the sun and can be much hotter than natural grass with prolonged exposure to the sun.[97]

There is some evidence that periodic disinfection of artificial turf is required as pathogens are not broken down by natural processes in the same manner as natural grass. Despite this, a 2006 study suggests certain microbial life is less active in artificial turf.[96]

There is evidence showing higher rates of player injury on artificial turf. By November 1971, the injury toll on first-generation artificial turf had reached a threshold that resulted in congressional hearings by the House subcommittee on commerce and finance.[98][99][100] In a study performed by the National Football League Injury and Safety Panel, published in the October 2012 issue of the American Journal of Sports Medicine, Elliott B. Hershman et al. reviewed injury data from NFL games played between 2000 and 2009, finding that "the injury rate of knee sprains as a whole was 22% higher on FieldTurf than on natural grass. While MCL sprains did not occur at a rate significantly higher than on grass, rates of ACL sprains were 67% higher on FieldTurf."[101] Metatarsophalangeal joint sprain, known as "turf toe" when the big toe is involved, is named from the injury being associated with playing sports on rigid surfaces such as artificial turf and is a fairly common injury among professional American football players. Artificial turf is a harder surface than grass and does not have much "give" when forces are placed on it.[102]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  94. ^ Pochron, Sharon T.; Fiorenza, Andrew; Sperl, Cassandra; Ledda, Brianne; Lawrence Patterson, Charles; Tucker, Clara C.; Tucker, Wade; Ho, Yuwan Lisa; Panico, Nicholas (April 2017). "The response of earthworms ( Eisenia fetida ) and soil microbes to the crumb rubber material used in artificial turf fields". Chemosphere. 173: 557–562. Bibcode:2017Chmsp.173..557P. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.091. PMID 28142114.
  95. ^ Shalat SL. An evaluation of potential exposures to lead and other metals as the result of aerosolized particulate matter from artificial turf playing fields. 2011. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. http://www.nj.gov/dep/dsr/publications/artificial-turf-report.pdf
  96. ^ a b "New Penn State Study Debunks Staph Bacteria Scare in Synthetic Turf" (Press release). Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences. August 30, 2006. Archived from the original on August 30, 2006. Retrieved January 11, 2008.
  97. ^ Williams, C. Frank; Pulley, Gilbert E. (2002). Synthetic Surface Heat Studies (PDF) (Report). Brigham Young University. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 10, 2008. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  98. ^ "Senate (House) studies 'Mod Sod'". Spokane Daily Chronicle. (Washington). Associated Press. November 2, 1971. p. 16.
  99. ^ "Fake turf makers deny fault". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. November 3, 1971. p. 5D.
  100. ^ Underwood, John (November 15, 1971). "New Slant on the Mod Sod". Sports Illustrated. p. 32.
  101. ^ "Ask Dr. Geier – Are ACL tears more common on grass or FieldTurf? | Dr. David Geier – Sports Medicine Simplified". Dr. David Geier. January 18, 2013. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  102. ^ "Turf Toe-OrthoInfo – AAOS". Orthoinfo.aaos.org. August 1, 2012. Archived from the original on December 9, 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Artificial turf.

 This article incorporates text by National Center for Health Research available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license. The text and its release have been received by the Wikimedia Volunteer Response Team

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Artificial turf is a surface area of artificial fibers made to appear like natural lawn, utilized in sports arenas, residential lawns and business applications that commonly use lawn. It is much more long lasting than grass and conveniently maintained without irrigation or cutting, although regular cleaning is called for. Stadiums that are substantially covered and/or at high latitudes often utilize artificial turf, as they normally do not have adequate sunlight for photosynthesis and replacements for solar radiation are excessively expensive and energy-intensive. Negative aspects include boosted risk of injury specifically when made use of in athletic competitors, as well as wellness and ecological issues about the petroleum and hazardous chemicals used in its manufacture. Artificial turf initially acquired considerable focus in 1966, when ChemGrass was installed in the year-old Astrodome, established by Monsanto and rebranded as AstroTurf, now a generic hallmark (signed up to a new owner) for any artificial turf. The first-generation system of shortpile fibers without infill of the 1960s has actually mainly been replaced by two even more. The 2nd functions much longer fibers and sand infill and the 3rd includes recycled crumb rubber to the sand. Contrasted to earlier systems, contemporary artificial turf extra carefully looks like lawn in look and is likewise considered much safer for sports competition. Nevertheless, it is still not widely considered to be equivalent to yard. Sports clubs, organizations, unions and private athletes have actually regularly spoken up and campaigned against it, while local governments have established and enforced regulations restricting and/or outlawing its usage.

.

Poly-Turf was a brand of artificial turf in the early 1970s, manufactured by American Biltrite of Wellesley, Massachusetts. It was the first specifically designed for American football, with a patented layered structure which included a "shock pad" between the artificial grass and the asphalt sub-surface.[1] It used polypropylene for its artificial grass blades, rather than the nylon used in AstroTurf and 3M's Tartan Turf.[2][3][4]

History in Miami

[edit]

In the late 1960s, the natural grass surface at the Orange Bowl in Miami was constantly in poor condition,[5] primarily due to heavy usage; 34 games were scheduled there during the 1968 football season.[6]

Poly-Turf was installed at the city-owned stadium in 1970,[7] and utilized for six seasons. The stadium was used for both college and professional football, primarily by the University of Miami Hurricanes and the Miami Dolphins of the NFL. It also hosted the eponymous New Year's Day college bowl game, Super Bowl games, and high school football.

The University of Nebraska Cornhuskers won the first three Orange Bowl games played on Poly-Turf, which included two national championships. The first Super Bowl played on artificial turf was played on Poly-Turf in the Orange Bowl in January 1971, when the Baltimore Colts defeated the Dallas Cowboys 16-13 in Super Bowl V. The next Super Bowl at the stadium was the final game played on Poly-Turf in Miami; Super Bowl X in January 1976.[8] Its flaws received additional media exposure the week prior to the game,[9] and Dolphins receiver Nat Moore documented them in a local article.[10]

The longer polypropylene blades of Poly-Turf tended to mat down[11][12] and become very slick under hot & sunny conditions.[13][14][15] Other NFL owners were skeptical of the brand before the first regular season games were played in 1970.[7] The field was replaced after two seasons,[16][17] before the Dolphins' 1972 undefeated season.[18] It was replaced by another Poly-Turf surface. While it had similar problems,[19][20] it lasted longer than the first installation, and was used for four years. Over just six years, both installations deteriorated rapidly and some football players suffered an increasing number of leg and ankle injuries; some players claimed to trip over seams. Prior to the second installation in 1972, the city did not consult with the Dolphins about the replacement; Dolphins' head coach Don Shula preferred a different brand, either AstroTurf or Tartan Turf.[21] The field discolored from green to blue due to the severe UV nature of the Miami sun.[14][22]

Return to natural grass

[edit]

The city removed the Poly-Turf in 1976 and re-installed natural grass, a special type known as Prescription Athletic Turf (PAT),[23][24][25] which remained until the stadium's closure in early 2008. As late as December 1975, the city had planned to retain the Poly-Turf for the 1976 season,[23] but that decision was changed a few weeks later, prior to the Super Bowl.[8][26][27]

The Orange Bowl became the first major football venue to replace its artificial turf with natural grass, and it was the third NFL stadium to install Prescription Athletic Turf; Denver's Mile High Stadium and Washington's RFK Stadium installed PAT fields a year earlier in the spring of 1975.[24]

Other installations

[edit]

Other NFL stadiums which installed Poly-Turf included Schaefer Stadium, opened in 1971 for the New England Patriots,[11] and Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, home of the Saints, Tulane University, and the Sugar Bowl. Notable college stadiums included Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama[28] and Alumni Stadium at Boston College.[29]

American Biltrite ceased production of Poly-Turf in 1973; 3M stopped the manufacture of its Tartan Turf in 1974, citing rising oil prices in light of the 1973 oil embargo.[4] This left AstroTurf as the only major manufacturer of artificial turf (with only minor competition along the way) until FieldTurf was introduced in the late 1990s.[30]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ U.S. Patent number 3661687, inventors Arthur F. Spinney and Lawrence J. Warnalis
  2. ^ Underwood, John (November 15, 1971). "New Slant on the Mod Sod". Sports Illustrated. p. 32. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  3. ^ "Mod-sod revolution felt". Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. June 30, 1970. p. 8.
  4. ^ a b Johnson, William Oscar (August 12, 1985). "The tyranny of phony fields". Sports Illustrated. p. 34. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  5. ^ Crittenden, John (October 16, 1968). "Orange Bowl's on the beach". Miami News. p. 1D.
  6. ^ Plaisted, Ed (August 1, 1968). "Orange Bowl grass faces torture test". Miami News. p. 3D.
  7. ^ a b Petrella, Tony (August 30, 1970). "Owners dislike Poly-Turf". Palm Beach Post-Times. p. D4.
  8. ^ a b "It's back to grass for Orange Bowl after Sunday's game". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Associated Press. January 16, 1976. p. 6B.
  9. ^ "Last-minute repairs". Palm Beach Post-Times. photo. January 17, 1976. p. D1.
  10. ^ Moore, Nat (January 15, 1976). "Dear Sirs". Palm Beach Post. p. D1.
  11. ^ a b "Scorecard: Rug". Sports Illustrated. October 18, 1971. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  12. ^ "Lazy Miami artificial turf still laying down on job". Eugene Register-Guard. October 20, 1971. p. 3D.
  13. ^ Petrella, Tony (October 5, 1971). "Poly-Turf: a headache". Palm Beach Post. p. D1.
  14. ^ a b Petrella, Tony (October 19, 1971). "Orange Bowl's Poly-Turf: troubles and questions". Palm Beach Post. p. B5.
  15. ^ "Poly-Turf...down or up?". Palm Beach Post. wire services. October 22, 1971. p. H1.
  16. ^ "Biltrite to re-carpet Orange Bowl". Palm Beach Post. January 22, 1972. p. C4.
  17. ^ "Orange Bowl to receive better 'grass'". Palm Beach Daily News. UPI. January 23, 1972. p. 18.
  18. ^ Sun-Sentinel.com – Miami Orange Bowl – 2008
  19. ^ Nobles, Charlie (September 6, 1972). "Slippery turf infuriates Hurricanes". Miami News. p. 1D.
  20. ^ Treglown, Dick (September 26, 1972). "Orange Bowl turf: a slippery subject". Palm Beach Post. p. C1.
  21. ^ "OB Poly-Turf: A mean green". Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida. Associated Press. September 26, 1972. p. 1C.
  22. ^ MiamiSouthpaw.blogspot.com – "Ghosts of Orange Bowl Poly-Turf" – 2009-08
  23. ^ a b "Orange Bowl sticks with Poly-Turf". Miami News. December 20, 1975. p. 2B.
  24. ^ a b Nobles, Charlie (January 28, 1976). "PAT can be used to soften visitors". Miami News. p. 1C.
  25. ^ Nobles, Charlie (July 31, 1976). "Dolphins find fewer bugs without rug as Vikings visit". Miami News. p. 1B.
  26. ^ Nobles, Charlie (February 10, 1976). "Orange Bowl will install grass". Miami News. p. 1C.
  27. ^ "Orange Bowl taking out Poly Turf". Lawrence Journal World. Kansas. February 14, 1976. p. 17.
  28. ^ "Poly-Turf for Legion". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. May 19, 1970. p. 7. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  29. ^ Reid, Jan (December 1979). "The real mean green". Texas Monthly. p. 153.
  30. ^ "Living with Artificial Grass" American Journal of Sports Medicine vol. 18, no. 4, 1990-07

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