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Texas (TEK-səə ss, in your area additionally TEK-siz; Spanish: Texas or Tejas) is one of the most heavily populated state in the South Central area of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the eastern, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and a global border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south and southwest. Texas has a coastline on the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. Covering 268,596 square miles (695,660 km2) and with over 31 million homeowners since 2024, it is the second-largest state by location and populace. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Celebrity State for the single star on its flag, symbolic of its former standing as an independent country, the Republic of Texas. Spain was the first European country to claim and control Texas. Adhering to a temporary colony regulated by France, Mexico regulated the land up until 1836 when Texas won its independence, ending up being the Republic of Texas. In 1845, Texas joined the United States of America as the 28th state. The state's addition triggered a chain of occasions that caused the Mexican–-- American War in 1846. Adhering to triumph by the United States, Texas continued to be a servant state till the American Civil Battle, when it stated its secession from the Union in early 1861 prior to formally joining the Confederate States on March 2. After the Civil War and the restoration of its depiction in the federal government, Texas went into an extended period of financial stagnation. Historically, 5 significant industries formed the economic climate of Texas before World War II: bison, livestock, cotton, oil, and lumber. Before and after the Civil Battle, the livestock industry—-- which Texas concerned dominate—-- was a major financial vehicle driver and created the conventional photo of the Texas cowboy. In the later 19th century, cotton and lumber expanded to be significant industries as the livestock industry came to be less financially rewarding. Ultimately, the exploration of significant petroleum down payments (Spindletop in particular) launched an economic boom that became the driving pressure behind the economic climate for much of the 20th century. Texas established a diversified economic climate and advanced industry during the mid-20th century. As of 2024, it has the second-highest number (52) of Lot of money 500 firms headquartered in the USA. With a growing base of sector, the state leads in numerous industries, including tourism, farming, petrochemicals, power, computers and electronics, aerospace, and biomedical scientific researches. Texas has led the U. S. in state export earnings since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The Dallas–-- Ft Well worth metroplex and Greater Houston areas are the nation's fourth and fifth-most populated city areas specifically. Its funding city is Austin. Because of its dimension and geologic functions such as the Balcones Mistake, Texas consists of varied landscapes common to both the U. S. Southern and the Southwestern regions. Many population facilities remain in areas of previous pastures, grasslands, woodlands, and the coast. Taking a trip from eastern to west, surface varieties from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling levels and rugged hillsides, to the desert and hills of the Huge Bend.